Rubber reinforcement changed course dramatically once someone married organosilanes with carbon black. Early tire manufacturing paired natural rubber with carbon black, hoping compound strength and tread performance might rise. But, through the 1970s, certain energy crises pushed chemists to search for blends that would squeeze out more life per gallon at reduced rolling resistance. Enter Bis-(3-Triethoxysilane propyl)-tetrasulfide (TESPT). This silane coupling agent bridges rubber and filler, stepping in where physical bonds fail. Picture a chronicle of researchers in Germany and Japan, toiling over beakers, finding that the TESPT molecule bonds to silica or carbon black on one end, and links firmly to rubber on the other. This coupling chemistry opened the door to greener, safer tires. By the 1990s, tire makers, feedstock suppliers, and even university labs saw that this mixture could serve greater goals, like shrinking fuel bills and stretching tire longevity. Today, you can't flip a technical rubber journal without hitting studies citing “silane-coupled carbon black,” establishing this blend as core to high performance elastomers.
The mixture of Bis-(3-Triethoxysilane propyl)-tetrasulfide, usually tagged as TESPT, and carbon black forms a composite built for rubber compounding. The silane acts as a bridge: it links inorganic filler to the natural or synthetic rubber matrix. Product suppliers offer this mix as black powder or pre-dispersed form. The aim is to upgrade processing, lower volatility, and boost compatibility with the growing list of elastomers. For tire makers, belts and hoses, conveyor systems, and anti-vibration mounts, this product delivers improvements in tensile strength, abrasion, flex fatigue, and heat resistance. The blend also responds well to newer processing demands, like lower mixing temperatures and reduced emissions. As electric vehicles and sustainability weigh heavier on roadmaps, TESPT and carbon black find themselves in the crosshairs of both regulation and innovation push.
TESPT presents itself as a yellowish, oily liquid in pure state, boiling near 365°C and showing hydrophobic tendencies. It releases a characteristic sulfuric odor—familiar to anyone who's blended rubber in a pilot line. Carbon black remains a fine, powdery solid with deep black pigmentation, high surface area, and strong oil absorption. Together, these materials create a somewhat grainy powder. Mixing typically results in a solid blend that resists low humidity degradation, but if left under wet air, the ethoxysilane groups slowly hydrolyze to silanol, which can reduce reactivity. The compound's high surface energy means it seeks out rubber chains aggressively, maximizing bonding in every available site. Electrical conductivity also receives a nudge from the carbon black, which, in the right ratios, drops resistivity by multiple orders of magnitude—vital for today’s static-dissipative tires.
Commercial product sheets specify active silane content, filler weight percent, average particle size, and moisture content. Pure TESPT shares CAS number 40372-72-3. Producers test for SiO2 content, sulfur breakdown, and sample dispersion quality in compound. Standard packaging often uses drums or lined bags, marked for UN hazard classes as “irritant” and “environmentally hazardous substance.” Safety labels warn against inhalation and skin contact, with regulatory codes matching EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) plus GHS symbols. Factories posting the blend for internal use display clear signage for personal protective equipment, chemical resistant gloves, and ventilation engineering controls. Transport notices must flag material as subject to International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code.
Commercial suppliers use either in-situ or dry-mixing processes to produce this mixture. For dry blending, carbon black receives metered doses of TESPT under nitrogen to minimize unplanned hydrolysis. Large tumbling mixers or ribbon blenders ensure every granule picks up its fair share of silane. Moisture remains tightly controlled at below 0.5%, since even a little water jumpstarts premature crosslinking. Modern facilities lean toward pre-dispersed masterbatch forms, where liquid TESPT gets injected into hot carbon black, using gentle agitation to improve distribution and lock down dust release. Quality inspectors pull random samples for IR spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis, double-checking for unreacted silane or inconsistencies. Scrap from off-spec batches moves to secondary use—here, the blend’s high surface reactivity makes even leftovers valuable for industrial binder staging or as reinforcement in bitumen.
TESPT operates via dual chemical action. Its triethoxysilyl end groups hydrolyze in the presence of water and a mild acid catalyst, producing silanols that condense with surface hydroxyls on carbon black or silica. The tetrasulfide bridge, sitting at the molecule’s center, participates in vulcanization—forming stable crosslinks with rubber’s unsaturated backbone. Skilled chemists may alter the ethoxy groups, producing methoxy, propoxy, or functionalized silanes for tailored reactivity or improved compatibility. The trend of pairing with functionalized carbon blacks (for instance, those with oxygen or carboxyl surface groups) ramps up interfacial bonding and improves filler dispersion—critical for applications like low-rolling-resistance tires or high-durability conveyor belts. The sulfur crosslinking not only strengthens the rubber matrix, but also imparts certain self-healing features, as reversible sulfur bonds repair micro-cracks during service life.
Frustration sometimes creeps in as distributors and buyers encounter the long list of alternative names. TESPT has also appeared as Si-69, 3,3'-Tetrasulfanylbis(propyltriethoxysilane), and its classic IUPAC descriptor marks every chemical registry—Bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide. Industrial catalogs market “silane coupling agent,” “sulfur-functional silane,” or “rubber reinforcing additive.” Certain manufacturers brand proprietary blends, such as “Black-Link,” “Silanex TS69,” or “Silquest A-1289.” Experienced compounders always double-check material data sheets before swapping vendors, since the recipe can vary—some suppliers use different stabilizers or disperse TESPT across alternative fillers.
Health and environment managers place this family of chemicals under strict handling protocols. TESPT’s ethoxysilane and tetrasulfide fractions can irritate skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; chronic exposure in poorly ventilated plants leads to headaches and dermatitis. Factories install local exhaust systems not only to capture dust but also to vent silane vapors, which can depress indoor air quality and raise fire risks. Spills call for absorbent pads and immediate containment—never water, which speeds up silane hydrolysis and releases flammable ethanol. Emergency plans train workers in both first aid and chemical burn treatment. Occupational standards require full-face shields, nitrile gloves, antistatic garments, and shoes. Product stewardship calls for detailed audits, especially for waste handling; spent material cannot drain to sewer and must pass through incineration or specialized chemical treatment. Document trails confirm compliance with EPA, REACH, and ISO 9001 audits.
Automotive tire blends take the lion’s share, driven by global demand for improved wet traction, lower rolling resistance, and fewer particulate emissions. Conveyor belting, especially for mining, also leans heavily on this additive, since it delivers durability with necessary antistatic properties. Bus, truck, and specialty off-road tires count on the chemical bond to extend wear and resist tear under varying loads and environments. Rubber seals, gaskets, anti-vibration bushings, and industrial hoses see meaningful performance upgrades: materials spec’d with TESPT-carbon black mixtures withstand higher dynamic loads, hold elasticity over more cycles, and exhibit less shrinkage at high temperatures. Manufacturers working on electric vehicles explore this chemistry to reduce rolling resistance further, critical for boosting battery range. Stepping past rubber, ink formulators and adhesive makers tap into the reinforcing action, using small doses to toughen resins or printing substrates without sacrificing print sharpness or tack.
Research labs explore modifications, aiming for greener footprints and targeted performance. Nanocomposite experts test combinations with silica, graphene, and functionalized carbon black—hoping to hit superlative conductivity, mechanical strength, or puncture resistance. Some teams experiment with hybrid silanes, changing the length or branching of alkoxy groups, looking for optimized dispersion or reaction kinetics. Sustainability heads up another thrust: efforts center on bio-based silanes and reclaimed carbon black, meant to lower environmental impact across the chemical’s lifecycle. Instrumental techniques, like FTIR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, dig deep into the mixing interface: mapping out how TESPT physically seats itself between rubber and filler. Meanwhile, machine learning algorithms comprise the new toolbox: feeding compounders recipes to predict whether new blends will curb tire abrasion or dissipate static. This space hums with patent filings, academic collaborations, and startups—each chasing a slice of the high-stakes rubber technology pie.
Toxicity profiles for TESPT draw a line between acute and chronic exposure. Short-term animal studies show moderate toxicity by oral or dermal routes, with some liver and reproductive organ impacts at high doses. Inhalation often causes temporary irritation; workplace studies point toward headache or malaise with unchecked vapor build-up. Sulfur-rich vapors can depress indoor air quality, especially at batch mixing lines. No definitive evidence ties industry exposure to carcinogenic outcomes, but regulators treat all organosilanes with caution due to their ability to crosslink biological tissues. Disposal research highlights the need for high-temperature thermal destruction, since incomplete combustion can form toxic byproducts, like organosilicon acids or polythiols. Manufacturers run regular reviews under REACH, TSCA, and IARC standards. Longitudinal studies involving tire plant workers suggest low risk where engineering controls operate, but independent epidemiology still calls for fresh data on rare lung and skin outcomes.
The track ahead holds both promise and hard challenges. Demand from electric and fuel-efficient car markets points to even higher-performing tires—formulators push for TESPT blends with advanced nanofillers, “smart” elastomers, or controlled-release sulfur. Markets inch toward full traceability, tracking every ingredient’s origin, emissions, and recycling path. Regulators in Europe and Japan seek lower volatile organic compound emissions—not just in finished tires but at every step of the compounding process. Researchers try to synthesize silane-coupled fillers with less energy use, or even from bio-waste feedstocks. AI starts to replace some trial-and-error design: machine-driven recipe optimization claims to predict and adjust material properties before the first pilot batch. Safety pushes deeper, especially as new variants evolve. Through all these advances, the core goal remains unchanged: to build tough, smart, and sustainable materials that safeguard both the planet and the people working with them.
Ask anyone who has spent time in a tire factory or poked around the materials behind your car’s tires—they’ll tell you a lot rides on two main players: carbon black and specialized coupling agents like Bis-(3-Triethoxysilane Propyl)-Tetrasulfide, often shortened to TESPT. While carbon black reinforces the rubber and boosts its lifespan, TESPT acts as a bridge, helping silica or other fillers stick to the rubber matrix. Without this partnership, tires wear out faster and lose grip, especially on wet roads.
Growing up around auto shops, I watched old-school rubber break down, especially in tires and conveyor belts that couldn’t hold up under stress. Over the years, manufacturers leaned on carbon black for tire toughness. But as tire makers chased better wet traction and lower rolling resistance, silica started replacing some of the carbon black. The trouble comes when you combine silica and rubber—they don’t really want to bond, and that causes performance to suffer. Add the right silane (TESPT), and this hurdle gets cleared. Now, silica and rubber stick together, giving drivers sharper handling and safer wet braking.
For tire engineers, the mix of TESPT and carbon black changes the game. Research shows tires made with this combo grip better on wet roads and sip less fuel, thanks to lower rolling resistance. One study by Michelin found that modern “green tires,” containing silica and TESPT, roll as much as 20% easier than old-school tires filled only with carbon black. That translates to measurable savings in gas or electricity for drivers, and it’s no small deal. More grip in the rain means fewer accidents—simple as that.
Looking beyond tires, conveyor belts, shoe soles, and vibration-damping products made with this combo last longer. Reduced breakdown saves companies time and money replacing worn-out parts. Extra durability also means less waste landing in landfills every year. So, the benefits stack up from consumer wallets to the environment.
Not every country enforces the same standards during production. In factories that cut corners, workers may face dust from poorly handled carbon black, which can cause respiratory problems. Proper industrial hygiene practices—closed mixing, ventilation, and protective equipment—cut down risk. High-quality TESPT and careful blending lead to a more reliable product and safer factory floors. I’ve met folks in the industry who won’t touch jobs at plants that skip these steps; peace of mind matters as much as product quality.
Automotive companies want products that last longer, cut emissions, and keep customers happy. More widespread use of the TESPT and carbon black mix points in that direction. R&D teams keep exploring tweaks—sometimes using more sustainable raw materials, sometimes finding new ways to recycle worn-out rubber. Regulations nudge factories to improve worker safety and minimize environmental impact, making those choices less about compliance and more about pride in doing things right.
A trip through any hardware store or supermarket reveals shelves loaded with products folks use every day — cleaners, solvents, adhesives, fertilizers. Most people put those into shopping carts, not giving much thought to what could go wrong. My years working in kitchens and small workshops taught me that the chemical soup in a bottle isn’t always as “safe” as a smiling logo implies. One whiff too close, one spill on skin, and the health bill can quickly outpace the product’s price tag.
Hazard often hides behind fancy marketing. Simple rules cut through the noise. Strong smells, unexpected heat, odd colors, or warnings like “corrosive,” “flammable,” or “toxic” scream for attention. Such labels mean the stuff wants to hurt you or the environment if misused. Bleach, for example, reacts fiercely with ammonia. Those untrained for mixing household cleaners can end up with a cloud of toxic gas. Most fires in garages and sheds trace back to stored paints, solvents, or oily rags — goods everyone treats as ordinary until something ignites.
Mishaps rarely come from a lack of good intentions. Skipping gloves just for a quick wipe or pouring chemicals into old water bottles put convenience before safety. Many accidents start with ignoring what’s printed in tiny letters. In my own experience, ignoring a simple mask while sanding sealed wood meant coughing for hours. Friends of mine spent weekends cleaning up spilled fertilizers, only to see wilting grass and dead fish downstream. Shortcuts make problems bigger.
Wearing proper gear keeps the body out of harm’s way. Gloves form a simple barrier against corrosive cleaners and yard chemicals. Goggles make sure eyes don’t sting or burn. Respirators, not just flimsy dust masks, tackle harsh fumes in spray paint or strong degreasers; I learned this lesson building furniture in a barely ventilated basement.
Real safety also means protecting others. Store bottles high and dry, well away from kids and pets. Never pour leftovers down drains or in bushes — sewer systems and streams can’t handle it, and wildlife pays the price. Save the environment a headache by finding a local hazardous waste drop-off.
Plenty of manufacturers offer non-toxic or low-odor options, especially for indoor use. I’ve switched to plant-based cleaners and water-based paints for daily work; asthma and headaches have dropped. Check product ratings and reviews from trusted sources. If a label looks confusing, search the product’s safety data sheet online — this document spells out hazard levels, reaction risks, and emergency steps.
Nobody can see every risk coming, but practice builds good habits. Lay out tools and safety gear before opening any chemical container. Keep instructions handy, read them aloud if uncertain, and pause if questions linger. Learn from spills and close calls. Share lessons with coworkers, friends, and family — especially young helpers eager to dive in without thinking of what gets on their hands, lungs, or eyes.
Safety means respect — both for your own well-being and for the people sharing your home, shop, or community. Take it seriously, and the odds tip in your favor.
Maintaining the stability of a Bis-(3-Triethoxysilane Propyl)-Tetrasulfide and Carbon Black mixture boils down to a few smart storage practices—practices that make or break the quality of anything built from this blend. Over the years, I’ve seen labs and factories walk a tightrope between maximizing shelf life and cutting corners. The difference is clear: good storage beats waste, headaches, and product failures.
Moisture is the main enemy in the life of this mixture. Silicon-based coupling agents like Bis-(3-Triethoxysilane Propyl)-Tetrasulfide can react with water vapor, triggering premature hydrolysis. That means you’re not getting the chemical performance you paid for. Since carbon black is a powder with a huge surface area, it loves to pull moisture from the air and can speed up this damage. Desiccant packs and sealed drums prove their worth here.
A controlled, cool temperature also goes further than most folks realize. Heat speeds up unwanted reactions, sometimes making the silane agent fall apart or clump before anyone’s ready to use it. I’ve watched mixtures left in warm storage turn into sticky messes that never blend right into rubber or plastics again. Simple air conditioning or storing in a shaded, well-ventilated spot can save a lot of raw material over a year.
I remember one tire plant that left its chemical mixtures near a sun-lit window. That sun, plus extra air exposure, set off not just yellowing but a slow chain of chemical changes—even when the bag looked sealed tight enough. Oxygen and ultraviolet can break down the sulfur links in Bis-(3-Triethoxysilane Propyl)-Tetrasulfide, leading to weaker bonds in the final rubber. Basic routines like using opaque drums and limiting how often containers open go a long way. A nitrogen blanket over sensitive mixtures blocks those troublemakers right from the start.
Some storage spaces stink of carelessness. I’ve seen dusty bags slit open with utility knives, spilled powder swept up like sawdust, and no one wearing gloves or goggles. This chemical isn’t a casual backyard material. Silane coupling agents vaporize with a strong odor. Carbon black dust gets everywhere—and the research linking it to lung trouble is real. Fire risk climbs with exposed carbon black, which can smolder. Use closed transfer systems or, at the very least, keep bags double-sealed, and train every shift on clean-up steps and personal protective gear.
Mistakes happen, even in well-run shops. Leaks, torn packaging, condensation on warehouse walls—all these creep in over time. A habit of regular inspection makes the small fixes quick and cheap instead of waiting for a whole batch to go bad. My own rule has been to log temperature and humidity right at the storage rack, not just somewhere else in the plant. Even small changes in that microclimate matter for a mixture as picky as this one.
It makes sense from both an environmental and an economic standpoint: strong storage habits mean less waste, better products, and safer workplaces. Bis-(3-Triethoxysilane Propyl)-Tetrasulfide and Carbon Black mixtures hold a lot of potential. Giving them a dry, cool, sealed, and safe home boosts the return on every kilogram from start to finish.
Factories have always leaned on chemical mixtures to boost production and maintain consistency. In metalworking and automotive plants, cutting fluids, coolants, and lubricants depend on precise blends to keep machines running smoothly and prevent costly breakdowns. Over time, workers notice cleaner surfaces and longer tool life thanks to just the right fluid recipe. Tire factories also mix synthetic rubbers with additives to give each tire its grip and toughness. Without chemical ingenuity, the tires on our cars would crack and crumble in a single season.
Construction sites bustle with workers pouring concrete and sealing roofs. Here, chemical admixtures make all the difference. A smart balance of plasticizers, accelerators, and water-reducers lets concrete crews beat the summer heat, avoid early hardening, or make the mix pour easily into forms. In insulation, fire retardants blend into foam panels, giving families extra minutes to escape a house fire. These safety features stem from lab-tested chemical mixtures applied where they matter most.
Food plants take cleanliness as seriously as flavor. Sanitizers and cleaning agents with tailored chemical blends cut through grease and destroy bacteria between production runs. Even the soda you sip or the baby formula on store shelves count on stabilizers and preservatives mixed in so that taste and safety hold up from factory to family table. In packaging, these mixtures create food-grade plastics that stop chemicals from leaching out or odors seeping in. I've met factory supervisors who describe the difference it makes in recalls: far fewer, and far less costly, when the chemistry lines up correctly.
Hospitals trust chemical mixtures every single day. IV bags, cleaning solutions, and disinfectants all rely on careful calibration. Just the right saline concentration keeps patients safe, whether in routine hydration or during surgery. In drug manufacturing, blends of binders, coatings, and release agents guarantee that patients get the intended dose at the right speed. These aren’t just back-room details—they protect every pill and patch we rely on.
The screens we tap and the batteries that power our lives also require behind-the-scenes chemistry. Circuit boards use solder pastes and fluxes mixed for strength and reliability. Battery factories watch out for moisture and heat as they blend electrolytes; these chemicals power cell phones and electric cars. The wrong mix would mean shorter battery life or overheating, stories no tech company wants to deal with. Having worked with electronic supply chains, I’ve witnessed how even tiny shifts in formulation drive a world of difference on the production floor.
Each industry faces its own hurdles with chemical mixtures. Some mixtures trigger safety concerns, like fumes or runoff that can damage health or environment. Strong regulations—paired with a workforce that understands both safety and chemistry—offer the best guardrails. Many companies have invested in circular systems, capturing waste and recycling solvents to cut pollution and costs. Transparent labeling and third-party testing help both workers and consumers trust what goes into the final product.
Everyday products and services rely on chemical mixtures, but the real story goes beyond formulas and patents. People—engineers, line workers, lab techs—deliberate and double-check, making sure each blend works for users and the planet. By promoting hands-on training and open communication between industries, communities can benefit from safer, more effective chemistry in the goods that shape life.
Rubber turns up everywhere, from the soles of our shoes to the tires spinning on highways. Tinker with its recipe, and you get very real changes in performance. People in factories and research labs have spent years studying how rubber transforms when blended with different substances. Tossing something new into the mix can make rubber more durable, tougher under stress, or even easier to process. Some additives act like reinforcements, giving the compound bones. Others tweak flexibility or help fight off the sun and weather.
Mixing isn’t just about dumping powders and hoping for the best. I’ve watched rubber technologists sweat over whether a filler improves tear strength or just makes the compound cheaper. Carbon black has long enjoyed the spotlight as the backbone of tire toughness. Silica, on the other hand, grabbed attention for fuel-saving tires, helping them roll farther on less energy. When trials use clays or recycled fillers, results can swing. Sometimes hardness jumps while stretch drops. People forget how even a small tweak can shift the balance between grip, toughness, and longevity.
A classic example comes from natural rubber blends. Mix in sulfur and some reinforcing carbon, and you get a material ready to handle daily punishment. Leave out those crucial steps or substitute with low-quality fillers, and tires crack far sooner. Schools teach about “cross-linking”—it’s the bonds holding the rubber together under load. Too much cross-linking, and the ride feels stiff as a board. Too little, and things wear out in a blink. Every rubber part chasing roads or working in machinery owes its success to someone perfecting this balancing act.
Big companies carry out their own mix experiments, watching how simple changes alter strength or resistance to heat. Once, I saw a project where nanomaterials promised miracles. The hype fizzled because processing proved tricky. Even heated at just the wrong temperature, the mix lost much of its supposed benefit. That’s a key lesson—success depends on more than the recipe written on a lab notebook. Batch size, equipment wear, and even room humidity can turn a promising mixture into a flop on the factory floor.
People working with rubber face pressure to deliver greener, safer, and tougher materials. The push for sustainability led to a wave of interest in recycled rubber and bio-based fillers. Engineers and chemists use better testing methods to track what works and why. Advances in imaging and computer modeling give insight into how every tiny ingredient affects the final properties. The challenge lies in moving good ideas out of the lab and into real products, where conditions change by the hour.
Improving the mechanical properties of rubber compounds isn't just about technical know-how. It demands a blend of hands-on trial, fresh thinking, and respect for small details. Even with all our progress, no perfect mixture fits every purpose. It’s that search for better blends that keeps labs busy, tires safer, and the world in motion.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide and carbon black mixture |
| Other names |
TESPT and Black Bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide and carbon black mixture SILANE, BIS(3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL)TETRASULFIDE AND CARBON BLACK MIXTURE TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYLTETRASULFIDE-CARBON BLACK BLEND |
| Pronunciation | /ˈbɪs θriː traɪˌɛθɒksiˌsaɪleɪn ˈprəʊpɪl ˌtɛtrəˈsʌlfaɪd ənd ˈkɑːbən ˈblæk ˈmɪkstʃər/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 56707-84-9 |
| Beilstein Reference | 4032464 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:83443 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1857627 |
| ChemSpider | 16149564 |
| DrugBank | DB11239 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 05-2119693656-25-0000 |
| EC Number | 94590-01-3 |
| Gmelin Reference | 1861457 |
| KEGG | C18597 |
| MeSH | D017335 |
| PubChem CID | 130175264 |
| RTECS number | VL8410000 |
| UNII | 6YX51S7J8Y |
| UN number | UN3178 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | Q107488649 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | (C8H20O3Si)2S4 + C |
| Molar mass | 366.65 g/mol |
| Appearance | Black granules or powder |
| Odor | Characteristic |
| Density | 1.100 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Basicity (pKb) | 10.98 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -9.6×10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.550 |
| Viscosity | 5000 - 9000 mPa.s |
| Dipole moment | 0.00 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 298.15 K: 391.342 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) of Bis-(3-Triethoxysilane Propyl)-Tetrasulfide and Carbon Black Mixture: -8727 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | No ATC code |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | May cause cancer. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause an allergic skin reaction. May damage fertility or the unborn child. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08, GHS09 |
| Pictograms | GHS07,GHS08,GHS09 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H317, H319, H351, H335, H373 |
| Precautionary statements | Precautionary statements: "P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P333+P313, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2-1-0 |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (Oral, Rat): > 2000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 5000 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| NIOSH | SUU |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL: 3.5 mg/m3 |
| REL (Recommended) | 50 mg/m³ |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide Carbon black Bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide Silane coupling agents Silica |
